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Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Chapala ((アラビア語:إعصار تشابالا), ''iiesar tashabalaan''; (:i̠ʕsˤäː ɾ taʃaː balaː)) was a very rare and powerful tropical cyclone which became the strongest cyclone on record to hit Yemen, as well as the most powerful storm known to have existed in the Gulf of Aden. Chapala originated from a low pressure area in the Arabian Sea that intensified into a depression on 28 October 2015. It consolidated further and reached very severe cyclonic storm strength the following day. The system rapidly intensified in the following days, and reached its peak intensity on 30 October with three-minute sustained winds of 215 km/h (130 mph) and a minimum pressure of . At that time it was the second-strongest named cyclone on record over the Arabian Sea, behind only Gonu of 2007. Steady weakening ensued thereafter as the storm maintained a west-southwest course. The system skirted Socotra on 1 November before turning west-northwest toward mainland Yemen. The first hurricane-force storm to strike Socotra since 1922, Chapala caused widespread damage on the island. On 3 November, Chapala made landfall in Yemen as a very severe cyclonic storm killing at least eight people and injuring more than 40 others. Another fatality took place off the coast of Somalia. ==Meteorological history== A low-pressure area formed over the Arabian Sea on 26 October 2015.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tropical weather outlook for North Indian Ocean Issued at 0600 UTC of 26 October 2015. )〕 It slowly consolidated, prompting the India Meteorological Department (IMD) to classify it a depression on 28 October. Later the same day the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for the system,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6ccJSIWLd )〕 and the IMD upgraded the storm to deep depression intensity. Further intensification ensued, prompting the IMD to upgrade the system to a cyclonic storm and assign it the name ''Chapala''. Owing to record warm water associated with an El Niño event and low vertical wind shear, the storm intensified into a severe cyclonic storm and further into a very severe cyclonic storm throughout 29 October. On 30 October Chapala underwent rapid intensification, culminating with the system becoming an extremely severe cyclonic storm. A well-defined wide eye developed and vigorous outflow provided ample upper-level ventilation in the system. Based on satellite intensity estimates from the Dvorak technique, the JTWC assessed Chapala as a high-end Category 4-equivalent cyclone on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale at 06:00 UTC with one-minute sustained winds of 250 km/h (155 mph). Based on their estimate, Chapala was the second-strongest cyclone on record over the Arabian Sea; only Cyclone Gonu of 2007 had been stronger.〔 The IMD estimated the cyclone to have been somewhat weaker, with three-minute sustained winds of 210 km/h (130 mph) and a minimum central pressure of . Chapala was initially expected to intensify further into a super cyclonic storm;〔 however dry air was entrained into the cyclone's circulation whereupon deep convection soon eroded and weakening ensued. Throughout much of 31 October Chapala's structure steadily degraded, though it retained a well-defined eye. This trend temporarily abated later in the day, with a resurgence of convection around the core. After the storm weakened slightly, its eye greatly expanded to span as it passed just north of Socotra. This marked the area's first hurricane-force impact since 1922.〔 On 2 November Chapala entered the Gulf of Aden, becoming the strongest tropical cyclone known to ever exist in that region. Between 01:00 and 02:00 UTC on 3 November Chapala crossed the coast southwest of Al Mukalla, Yemen while still a very severe cyclonic storm and immediately weakened into a severe cyclonic storm. Chapala's landfall at hurricane-intensity marked the first such instance in Yemen on record. Rough terrain impoverished the system, which was last noted as a well-marked low pressure area the following day. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cyclone Chapala」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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